The economic turbulence resulting from the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic may affect a company’s risk exposures and how it manages them.
If a company applies hedge accounting as part of its risk management strategy under IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement or IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, then it may need to consider whether:
The COVID-19 outbreak may affect when and how a company applies hedge accounting.
Changes to hedged transactions
Companies frequently enter into cash flow hedges of forecast transactions, such as purchases and sales of raw materials, and inventories. A forecast transaction can be designated as a hedged item only if it is highly probable to occur. This assessment needs to reflect the expectations at the reporting date. The COVID-19 outbreak is causing reductions in actual and forecast volumes of transactions in many regions and industries – e.g. jet fuel purchases. [IAS 39.88(c), IFRS 9.6.3.3]
If the COVID-19 outbreak reduces the probability of a hedged forecast transaction occurring or affects its timing, then the hedge accounting relationship may need to be terminated or there may be hedge ineffectiveness. Similarly, a reduction in the volume of highly probable forecast transactions may lead to partial termination under IFRS 9. [IAS 39.101(b), IFRS 9.6.5.6, B6.5.25, B6.5.27(b), BC6.317]
When a hedging relationship is discontinued because a forecast transaction is no longer highly probable, a company needs to determine whether the transaction is still expected to occur. If the transaction is:
In addition, any changes to the contractual terms of a financial instrument resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak may affect the instrument’s eligibility as a hedged item. For example, a bank may be applying fair value hedge accounting to term deposits whose terms and conditions include significant penalties in the case of early withdrawals. If a bank waives its right to penalties to allow customers to withdraw deposits early, then the contracts could be viewed as demand deposits. This could mean that the hedging relationship is discontinued because there would be no fair value exposure to hedge. [IAS 39.AG118(b), BC87(d), IFRS 13.47]
Hedge effectiveness and ineffectiveness
A company considers the effect of changes in both counterparty credit risk and own credit risk when assessing hedge effectiveness and measuring hedge ineffectiveness. The increased credit risk arising from the COVID-19 outbreak could therefore affect both hedge effectiveness testing and the measurement of hedge ineffectiveness. [IAS 39.AG109, IFRS 9.B6.4.7]
For example, if a hedged financial asset becomes credit-impaired due to the outbreak, then the current hedging relationship is discontinued if the hedge no longer meets the applicable effectiveness requirements.
In addition, if there is an increase in the credit risk of a hedging instrument, then fair value changes due to the increased credit risk are not generally offset by changes in the value of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk. This may lead to increased ineffectiveness or even failure of the effectiveness requirements.
Irrecoverability of losses in the cash flow hedge reserve
If the amount accumulated in the cash flow hedge reserve for a particular cash flow hedge is a loss and the company expects that all or a portion of that loss will not be recovered in future periods, then it immediately reclassifies to profit or loss the amount that is not expected to be recovered. The COVID-19 outbreak may increase the risk of this occurring. For example:
Disclosures
When a company applies hedge accounting, it is required to disclose how it applies its risk management strategy and the effects on its financial performance and future cash flows. It is likely that the COVID-19 outbreak will affect these disclosures and a company will need to use judgement to determine the specific disclosures that are relevant and necessary for its business. [IFRS 7.21A]
Examples of specific disclosures include:
Our annual Guides to financial statements, which help you to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS® Standards, this year include a COVID-19 supplement illustrating additional disclosures that entities may need to provide on accounting issues arising from the pandemic.
Find out more in our podcast on the accounting and disclosure implications for companies, and the actions management can take now.
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